Badges mark quoted or attributed material (Qur'an, hadith, another author, an opposing view). Unbadged passages are Maulana Wahiduddin Khan's own words.
As the solution to the problem where the number of women exceeds men in society, Islamic Shariah gives permission to men, under special conditions, to marry more than one woman. This principle of polygamy, as enshrined in the Islamic Shariah, is designed to save women from the ignoble consequences mentioned above. This commandment, although general in application, was given only as a solution to a specific social problem. It provides an arrangement whereby surplus women may save themselves from sexual anarchy and have a proper, stable family life. That is to say, it is not a question of adopting polygamy rather than monogamy. The choice is between polygamy and sexual anarchy. p. 198
If the commandment to practice polygamy is seen in the abstract, it would appear to be biased in favour of men. However, when placed in the context of social organization, it favours women. Polygamy is both a proper and a natural solution to women’s problems. p. 198
The permission to practice polygamy in Islam was not given to enable men to satisfy their sexual urges. It was designed as a practical strategy to solve a particular problem. Marrying more than one woman is possible only when there are more women than men. Failing this is out of the question. Is it conceivable that Islam, to satisfy man’s desires, would give us a commandment that is neither possible nor practical? p. 198
The Encyclopaedia Britannica (1984) aptly concludes that one reason for adopting polygamy is the surplus of women. Among most people who permit or prefer it, the large majority of men live in a state of monogamy because of the limited number of women. (Encyclopaedia Britannica (1984), Vol. 8, p.97) p. 198other source
To have more than one wife is not an ideal in Islam. It is, in essence, a practical solution to a social problem. p. 199
In Conclusion p. 199
In normal situations, the birth rates of men and women are almost equal in number. Subsequently, the number of men in society decreases for various reasons, leaving an excess of women. Under such circumstances, by following the principle of monogamy, hundreds of thousands of women fail to find husbands for themselves and are thus denied an honourable place in society. Monogamy as an absolute principle may seem pleasing to some, but events show this is not entirely practicable today. The choice for us, therefore, is not between monogamy and polygamy but rather between the lawful polygamy of Islam and the illicit polygamy of non-Islamic peoples. The latter system leaves “surplus” women to lead lives of sexual anarchy and social destruction. On the other hand, the former permits them to opt for their own free will in marriage to anyone who can give fair treatment to more than one wife. p. 199
DIVORCE IN ISLAM p. 201
Islam allows for only one sort of physical relationship between men and women, and that is in the form of marriage, which is announced and publicly known. Differences will inevitably arise between the spouses. According to Islam, the way out is not by seeking to wipe out these differences but, rather, to accept them, to seek to reconcile them or for the spouses to continue to live together despite their differences. p. 201
Yet, it sometimes happens that the spouses are unable to manage their differences properly and so decide to go in for a divorce. Divorce has been accepted in Islam as something that can be resorted to in extreme circumstances. However, Islam frowns upon divorce. According to a Hadith, although divorce is permissible, it is the most hateful of the permissible things. p. 201original + quote
The Quran says that a man can give two revocable utterances of divorce, after which he can retain his wife and stay together on equitable terms or else leave her gracefully (2: 229). This method of divorce over a period of three months was devised so that considerable thought could be given to something as serious as divorce. This ensures that utterances of divorce are a planned step where all possible means of reconciliation are considered. p. 202original + quote