Badges mark quoted or attributed material (Qur'an, hadith, another author, an opposing view). Unbadged passages are Maulana Wahiduddin Khan's own words.
SCIENCE TOWARDS ONENESS OF GOD p. 71
The natural world operates with remarkable consistency, governed by a single law and precise mathematical equations. So extraordinary was this order that Boltzmann famously asked, “Who is the God that wrote these signs?” p. 71original + quote
In the field of physics, it has been understood since Newton that four types of laws or forces control the various phenomena of nature: p. 71
1. Gravitational force p. 71
2. Electromagnetic force p. 71
3. Strong nuclear force p. 71
4. Weak nuclear force p. 71
According to legend, Newton discovered the law of gravitation when he saw an apple fall from a tree. He pondered, “Why does the apple fall down instead of going up?” This question led him to realize that a force of attraction operates within the Earth and similarly among all celestial bodies. Later, Einstein made some technical revisions to this theory. However, the original theory is still regarded as a fundamental principle of nature in science. p. 72
The experiment for the electromagnetic law was first conducted by Faraday in 1821. He demonstrated that the force of electricity is deeply connected to the force of magnetism. When a magnet is combined with movement, electricity is produced, and when the wave of magnetism and electricity is combined, movement occurs (January 6, 1980). p. 72
For the first 50 years, these two laws were deemed sufficient for explaining all physical phenomena. However, at the beginning of the twentieth century, with increased knowledge about the internal structure of the atom and the discovery of particles smaller than atoms operating within them, a shift in physical theories began. This led to the theories of strong nuclear force and weak nuclear force. p. 72
The nucleus of the atom is surrounded by electrons, which are significantly smaller and lighter than protons. Yet studies show that each electron carries the same charge as the heavier protons. However, both are opposites: electrons have a negative electric charge, and protons have a positive electric charge. Electrons orbit the outer regions of the atom so that there is a significant amount of space between them and the nucleus. However, both negative and positive charges are equal, which allows the atom to remain electrically neutral and stable. p. 72
Now, the question arises: how does the nucleus of the atom remain stable? Why do electrons and protons not scatter apart? The explanation for stability is that a new kind of attractive force operates close to protons and neutrons. This force is derived from particles known as mesons. Protons and neutrons within the atom are fundamentally considered identical. p. 73
If we take two pieces of magnets and align their similar poles (north to north or south to south), they will repel each other. According to this known physical principle, protons and neutrons should flee from one another; however, this does not occur because protons and neutrons are constantly changing and, during this change, emit a force in the form of mesons that bind them together; this is known as strong nuclear force. Similarly, scientists have observed that certain particles within some atoms (neutrons, mesons) suddenly break apart. This situation, for instance, occurs with radium. The sudden decay of atomic particles contradicts the established physical principle of causality because it cannot be predicted which of the numerous particles will decay first; it entirely depends on chance. The mysterious force assumed to exist in the atom to explain this phenomenon is termed the weak nuclear force. p. 73
Scientists believe that all events in the universe arise from the interaction of these four forces. However, science, by its very nature, is always in search of unity. Scientific observation of the universe indicates that the entire cosmos operates in remarkable harmony. This astonishing harmony suggests that there is a single law that governs the whole system of nature. Consequently, physics is continuously seeking a unified theory. The “conscience” of science persistently strives to reduce the number of natural laws and to discover a single principle that explains all events. p. 74
Einstein attempted to unify the first two laws of gravitation and electromagnetism, dedicating more than 25 years to this endeavour, but he was unsuccessful. It is said that shortly before his death, he told his son, “I wish I knew more mathematics so that I could solve this problem.” The joint Nobel Prize in Physics awarded in 1979 to Dr. Abdus Salam and two other American scientists (Gershwin and Weinberg) was based on a similar investigation. They managed to unify the last two laws of nature (strong and weak nuclear forces) within a single mathematical framework. This theory is known as the G.S.W Theory. They demonstrated that both statutes are fundamentally one. In this way, they reduced the number from four to three. p. 74original + quote
It is said that Dr. Abdus Salam deserves the greatest credit for this discovery. Still, the fact that he did not receive the award alone reflects the unfortunate reality that he is from Pakistan, a country lacking the resources necessary for such research. Such research can only be conducted in institutions that possess millions of dollars and extremely valuable machinery and can hire dozens of scientists for a single project. Such institutions are either in the United States, Japan, or Western Europe. p. 74original + quote
Although science limits itself to the question of ‘what is,’ it does not endeavour to explore the question of ‘why is.’ However, it is a fact that the world discovered by science is so complex and astonishing that one cannot encounter the question of ‘why is’ without being confronted by it. Maxwell (1831-1879) was the person who successfully described the laws of electromagnetic interaction in mathematical equations. The consistent system of nature outside of human beings, which operates through a singular law, being expressed so beautifully in human-made mathematical equations was so extraordinary that Boltzmann exclaimed, “Who was the God who wrote these signs?” p. 75original + quote